اتودسک تری‌دی‌اس مکس (Autodesk 3ds Max)

یک برنامهٔ گرافیک سه‌بعدی رایانه‌ای حرفه‌ای است که برای ساخت پویانمایی‌ها، مدل‌ها، بازی‌ها و تصاویر سه‌بعدی استفاده می‌گردد.

این نرم‌افزار توسط شرکت رسانه و سرگرمی اتودسک ساخته و منتشر شده‌است.

این برنامه قابلیت‌های مدل‌سازی و ساختار قابل انعطاف افزایه داشته و می‌تواند بر روی سکوهای رایانش مایکروسافت ویندوز اجرا شود.

تری‌دی‌اس مکس مرتب توسط توسعه‌دهندگان بازی‌های ویدئویی، بسیاری از استودیوهای تبلیغات تلویزیونی و استودیوهای مجسم‌سازی معماری مورد استفاده قرار می‌گیرد.

از این برنامه همچنین در جلوه‌های ویژه سینمایی و مجسم‌سازی اولیه فیلم‌ها استفاده می‌شود.

به علاوهٔ ابزارهای مدل‌سازی و پویانمایی، آخرین نسخه از تری‌دی‌ مکس، امکانات سایه‌زن ، شبیه‌سازی پویا، ریدیوسیتی، سامانه ذره، خلق و رندر نگاشت نرمال، نورپردازی سراسری، یک واسط کاربر قابل تنظیم و زبان اسکریپت‌نویسی مخصوص به خودش را شامل می‌شود.

این نرم‌افزار قابلیت مدلسازی به شیوهٔ نربز (NURBS) را دارا می‌باشد.

قدرت فوق العاده این نرم افزار در مدلسازی محیط،نورپردازی،اعمال متریال و کاشت دوربین مناسب و همچنین قابلیت انتقال نقشه های اتوکد باعث شده تا به عنوان یکی از نرم افزارهای پرکاربرد در حوزه معماری محسوب گردد.

یکی دیگر از قابلیتهای این نرم افزار استفاده از پلاگین Vray می باشد.

بازار کار تری دی مکس در شرکت های معماری و ساختمانی

بسیاری از شرکت های معماری و ساختمانی یا بهتر بگوییم 90 درصد شرکت های ساختمانی ، مسلط بودن به تری دی مکس از اولین شرط های استخدام کارکنانشان است.

می توان گفت در بازار فعلی ایران زبان مشترک نرم افزار مدلسازی سه بعدی ” تری دی استودیو مکس ” است ،
که به راحتی می توان آن را با یک جامعه آماری اثبات کرد .

در سالهای پیش بسیاری از شرکت ها طرح های خود را به صورت دو بعدی با نرم افزار هایی مثل اتوکد ارائه می کردند ،
اما در سالهای اخیر با رشد بازار کار تری دی مکس و با شناخت بیشتر مخاطبین جامعه با موضوع سه بعدی سازی دیگر کمتر شرکتی را می توان یافت که پروژه های خود را به صورت سه بعدی ارائه ندهد .

تاریخچه ای کوتاه درباره نرم افزار تری دی مکس :

” اولین محصول تری دی استودیو مکس توسط گری یوست و گروه Yost برای پلتفرم DOS ساخته شد و توسط شرکت Autodesk  منتشر شد.
بعد از ورژن ۴ ۳D Studio برای DOS، این محصول برای پلتفرم Windows NT بازنویسی شد و ۳D Studio Max نام گرفت.
این ورژن هم در ابتدا توسط گروه Yost ساخته شد.

این محصول توسط Kinetix منتشر شد که در آن زمان بخش رسانه و سرگرمی شرکت Autodesk بود.

شرکت Autodesk  این محصول را بعد از عرضه دومین آپدیت ورژن ۳D Studio Max خریداری کرد
و در طی دو نسخه بعدی ، توسعه آن را کاملا داخلی کرد .

۳ds max

بعدها اسم محصول به ۳ds max (با حروف کوچک) تغییر یافت تا با شیوه نامگذاری شرکت Discreet مطابقت داشته باشد.
Discreet یک شرکت نرم افزاری واقع در مونتریال بود که توسط Autodesk خریداری شد.
زمانی که این محصول دوباره عرضه شد (نسخه ۷)،

دوباره لوگوی Autodesk به روی محصول زده شد و نام کوتاه آن دوباره به ۳ds Max (حروف کوچک و بزرگ) تغییر کردو اسم رسمی محصول هم تبدیل به نام کنونی آن یعنی Autodesk 3ds Max  شد.

MAXScript

MAXScript is a built-in scripting language that can be used to automate repetitive tasks, combine existing functionality in new ways, develop new tools and user interfaces, and much more

Plugin modules can be created entirely within MAXScript

Character StudioCharacter Studio was a plugin which since version 4 of Max is now integrated in 3ds Max; it helps users to animate virtual characters.

The system works using a character rig or “Biped” skeleton which has stock settings that can be modified and customized to fit the character meshes and animation needs

This tool also includes robust editing tools for IK/FK switching, Pose manipulation, Layers and Keyframing workflows, and sharing of animation data across different Biped skeletons

These “Biped” objects have other useful features that help accelerate the production of walk cycles and movement paths, as well as secondary motion.Scene ExplorerScene Explorer, a tool that provides a hierarchical view of scene data and analysis, facilitates working with more complex scenes.

Scene Explorer has the ability to sort, filter, and search a scene by any object type or property (including metadata). Added in 3ds Max 2008, it was the first component to facilitate

NET managed code in 3ds Max outside of MAXScript.DWG import3ds Max supports both import and linking of .dwg files

Improved memory management in 3ds Max 2008 enables larger scenes to be imported with multiple objects

Texture assignment/editing3ds Max offers operations for creative texture and planar mapping, including tiling, mirroring, decals, angle, rotate, blur, UV stretching, and relaxation; Remove Distortion; Preserve UV; and UV template image export

The texture workflow includes the ability to combine an unlimited number of textures, a material/map browser with support for drag-and-drop assignment, and hierarchies with thumbnails

UV workflow features include Pelt mapping, which defines custom seams and enables users to unfold UVs according to those seams; copy/paste materials, maps and colors; and access to quick mapping types (box, cylindrical, spherical)

General keyframingTwo keying modes — set key and auto key — offer support for different keyframing workflows.Fast and intuitive controls for keyframing — including cut, copy, and paste — let the user create animations with ease

Animation trajectories may be viewed and edited directly in the viewport.Constrained animationObjects can be animated along curves with controls for alignment, banking, velocity, smoothness, and looping, and along surfaces with controls for alignment

Weight path-controlled animation between multiple curves, and animate the weight

Objects can be constrained to animate with other objects in many ways — including look at, orientation in different coordinate spaces, and linking at different points in time

These constraints also support animated weighting between more than one target

All resulting constrained animation can be collapsed into standard keyframes for further editing.SkinningEither the Skin or Physique modifier may be used to achieve precise control of skeletal deformation, so the character deforms smoothly as joints are moved, even in the most challenging areas, such as shoulders

Skin deformation can be controlled using direct vertex weights, volumes of vertices defined by envelopes, or both

Capabilities such as weight tables, paintable weights, and saving and loading of weights offer easy editing and proximity-based transfer between models, providing the accuracy and flexibility needed for complicated characters.

The rigid bind skinning option is useful for animating low-polygon models or as a diagnostic tool for regular skeleton animation.Additional modifiers, such as Skin Wrap and Skin Morph, can be used to drive meshes with other meshes and make targeted weighting adjustments in tricky areas.Skeletons and inverse kinematics (IK)Characters can be rigged with custom skeletons using 3ds Max bones, IK solvers, and rigging tools powered by Motion Capture Data.All animation tools — including expressions, scripts, list controllers, and wiring — can be used along with a set of utilities specific to bones to build rigs of any structure and with custom controls, so animators see only the UI necessary to get their characters animated

Four plug-in IK solvers ship with 3ds Max: history-independent solver, history-dependent solver, limb solver, and spline IK solver

These powerful solvers reduce the time it takes to create high-quality character animation. The history-independent solver delivers smooth blending between IK and FK animation and uses preferred angles to give animators more control over the positioning of affected bones

The history-dependent solver can solve within joint limits and is used for machine-like animation. IK limb is a lightweight two-bone solver, optimized for real-time interactivity, ideal for working with a character arm or leg

Spline IK solver provides a flexible animation system with nodes that can be moved anywhere in 3D space

It allows for efficient animation of skeletal chains, such as a character’s spine or tail, and includes easy-to-use twist and roll controls

Integrated Cloth solverIn addition to reactor’s cloth modifier, 3ds Max software has an integrated cloth-simulation engine that enables the user to turn almost any 3D object into clothing and even build garments from scratch

Collision solving is fast and accurate even in complex simulations

Local simulation lets artists drape cloth in real time to set up an initial clothing state before setting animation keys.Cloth simulations can be used in conjunction with other 3ds Max dynamic forces, such as Space Warps

Multiple independent cloth systems can be animated with their own objects and forces

Cloth deformation data can be cached to the hard drive to allow for nondestructive iterations and to improve playback performance.Integration with Autodesk VaultAutodesk Vault plug-in, which ships with 3ds Max, consolidates users’ 3ds Max assets in a single location, enabling them to automatically track files and manage work in progress. Users can easily and safely find, share, and reuse 3ds Max (and design) assets in a large-scale production or visualization environment.Data Channel Modifier[edit]

The Data Channel modifier is a versatile tool for automating complex modelling operations

By piping mesh data through a series of controls, you can achieve a huge variety of effects that dynamically update as you make changes.Max Creation Graph[edit]

Introduced with Max 2016, Max Creation Graph (MCG) enables users to create modifiers, geometry, and utility plug-ins using a visual node-based workflow.

With MCG the user can create a new plug-in for 3ds Max in minutes by simply wiring together parameter nodes, computation nodes, and output nodes

The resulting graph can then be saved in an XML file (.maxtool) or be packaged with any compounds (.maxcompound) it depends on in a ZIP file (.mcg) which can be shared easily with 3ds Max users

Open Shading Language (OSL)Open shading language (OSL) lets you use a new OSL Map, an entire category of various OSL maps, and you can create your own OSL maps using development tools for use with any renderer

Open shading language (OSL) is an open source shading language that is fairly simple to understand

It can be used in several different ways. You can use the OSL Map, which is an execution environment for OSL shaders inside of 3ds Max, and it works like any regular built-in 3ds Max map

There is also a category of pre-loaded OSL maps that you can easily use. In addition, you can use any OSL maps you download from the internet

Finally, you can creating a shader or map in OSL using our development tools. This is a much simpler method to create custom maps than developing the equivalent functionality as a 3ds Max C++ map